For the survival of mankind, there are three essential
needs i.e., food, shelter and clothing. Clothing undoubtedly is an important
need as it was basically developed to protect humans against harsh weather
conditions. Of course, in this modern era appearance and trends play a
significant role and the quality is also taken in account. For checking the
suitability of the fabric for different end applications such as industrial use
or for clothing, it should posses some desirable properties. Therefore, testing
of the fabric plays a vital role in the interest of the consumer.
Let us see how fabric is tested for the following quality
particulars:
Strength:
- Tensile strength
- Bursting strength
- Tearing strength
Dimensional
characteristics:
- Length
- Width
- Thickness
Crimp:
- Warp crimp
- Weft crimp
Threads/
inch:
- Ends/inch
- Picks/inch
Count:
- Warp count
- Weft count
Weight
of the fabric:
- Weight per unit area
- Weight per unit length
Abrasion
resistance and handle:
Handle
includes:
- Stiffness
- Drape and crease resistance and recovery
Sampling of cotton fabrics:
The objective of sampling of cotton fabric is to notes is
physical properties as there is significant increase in the production and
export of cotton fabrics. The quality of the fabric depends upon various
factors which include type of weave, the properties of the yarn used, and the
finishing treatment given. In a fabric the properties of the warp yarn may
completely differ from the properties of weft yarn, also the number of
threads/inch in weft and warp ways will also differ. Hence, for obtaining
accurate and reliable results and to note the brief idea of the fabric which
represents both warp and weft ways sampling of cotton is carried out.
Number of tests:
The minimum number of test to be concluded for
determination of various properties of fabric depends upon the accuracy with
which the properties are to be determined. ISI has also fixed limits of error.
For instance, 3% error for 10 ends, picks, length and width is taken. For
breaking strength and bursting strength 5 number of tests corresponding to 8%
error are taken. For weight determination 10 number of test corresponding to 6%
error are taken.
For determination of the physical properties the pieces
shall be samples from each lot. The number of bales taken for testing depends
upon the size of lot and ISI suggests. The bales shall be selected at random
from the lot. From each selected bale, approximately equal number of pieces
shall be chosen at random. From each of the piece selected one test specimen
shall be taken for determining the various characteristic. While drawing the
test specimen care should be taken to exclude a suitable length from both ends
of the fabric. The test specimen thus selected shall be subjected to relevant
test for determining the different characteristic.
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